[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-detail":3},{"lang":4,"article":5,"alternate":18,"related":23,"latest":32},"en",{"id":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"content":9,"summary":10,"thumbnail":11,"metaDescription":12,"metaKeywords":12,"created":13,"modified":13,"author":14,"authorEn":14,"categoryId":15,"commentCount":16,"thumbnailToContent":17},12981,"multivitamin-longterm-risk-xqkt","Multivitamin Risks: When Daily Vitamins Do More Harm","\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A single pill that promises to deliver everything — vitamins A, C, D and E in one swallow — sounds like the easiest health decision of the day. But the evidence points the other way. For healthy adults, that daily pill is tied to no longer life and no fewer heart attacks, and some analyses link routine supplement use to a slightly higher risk of dying. A Chinese health regulator recently asked the question out loud: is the daily multivitamin \"health care, or self-harm?\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why the One-Pill Promise Falls Flat\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A multivitamin is exactly what its name says: a tablet or liquid that mixes several vitamins in fixed proportions, built to fill the gaps when a diet runs short.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That sounds useful. The data, however, are blunt. In an analysis of nearly 390,000 healthy U.S. adults, people who took a daily multivitamin had no lower risk of death from any cause than people who took none — and there were no differences in deaths from cancer, heart disease, or cerebrovascular disease.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Randomized trials agree. The Physicians' Health Study II followed male physicians for 11 years and found a modest 8% drop in total cancer incidence, with no benefit on overall mortality. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force's systematic review found small to no benefit for all-cause mortality and no benefit for cardiovascular disease. A 2026 review of multivitamin prescribing practice reached the same conclusion: for well-nourished adults, this pill is not a longevity tool.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Who Actually Needs One\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">For a healthy adult who eats regular meals and a reasonably balanced diet, the honest answer is: nobody. Worrying about hidden vitamin gaps is usually unnecessary.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That changes for specific groups. Pregnant women, infants and young children, and older adults may genuinely run short — but the right move is screening, assessment, and a targeted supplement chosen for what is actually missing, not a daily multivitamin out of habit.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002F7d8a885155a84fd7bbd10ef2918ecefa.webp\" alt=\"Vitamin supplement bottle and pills with liver and kidneys highlighted — a warning about vitamin overdose risk\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Too Much Vitamin Is Not More Vitamin\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Vitamins are essential, the body cannot make them, and they must come from outside. But \"enough\" is the goal — past that point, extra is not protective, it is toxic.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vitamin A\u003C\u002Fstrong> is genuinely helpful for the liver: it works as a raw material for repairing liver cells. Excess, however, does the opposite. Megadose vitamin A damages the liver, and severe cases can be fatal. Because vitamin A is fat-soluble, the body stores it in the liver and fatty tissue instead of flushing it out, so daily over-supplementation quietly accumulates.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vitamin C\u003C\u002Fstrong> is water-soluble, yet the harm scales with how much you take:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\n \u003Ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;color:#333;font-size:14px;margin:18px 0;max-width:680px;width:100%;\">\n  \u003Ctbody>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;text-align:left;\">Daily vitamin C intake\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;text-align:left;\">What can happen\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Over 600 mg\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Frequent urination.\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Over 1 g\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps, and buildup of urate and cysteine salts.\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">2–3 g\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Stopping abruptly can trigger rebound scurvy: fragile capillaries, rotting gums, loose teeth, fractures, and wounds that heal poorly.\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Over 5 g\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), potentially fatal. Pregnant women who overdo it may pass scurvy on to a newborn.\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n  \u003C\u002Ftbody>\n \u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The last step is worth spelling out: above 5 grams, vitamin C can trigger hemolysis — the destruction of red blood cells — which is potentially fatal. Pregnant women who overdo it can also pass the problem to a newborn, who may develop scurvy.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vitamin D\u003C\u002Fstrong> is a favorite for bone protection among people with osteoporosis and older adults. But more vitamin D does not mean better calcium absorption. Over-supplementation raises blood calcium and blood urea nitrogen, and stresses the liver and kidneys.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Vitamin E\u003C\u002Fstrong> is prized for its antioxidant effect, especially by people who skip vegetables and by those chasing skin benefits. Long-term, high-dose use triggers nausea, vomiting, dizziness and headaches, and can progress to cheilitis and mouth-corner inflammation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That is the pattern behind most supplement harm: fat-soluble vitamins — A, D, E and K — are stored in the liver and fat, so excess accumulates; water-soluble vitamins mostly leave in urine, but only up to a point. The body's metabolic burden lands on the liver and kidneys.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">If you load up on several products at once, one nutrient is very likely to cross its upper limit, and the liver and kidneys pay the bill. When symptoms appear — or when you are simply unsure — the right step is a hospital check-up and a conversation with a doctor or pharmacist, not a larger bottle.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Get Vitamins From Food Instead\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The best source of vitamins is food. Following the Chinese Dietary Guidelines (2022), a normal adult covers daily needs with:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">300–500 g of milk and dairy, plus 25–35 g of soy and nuts;\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">200–300 g of grains, including 50–150 g of whole grains and legumes and 50–100 g of potatoes;\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">120–200 g or more of meat, fish and eggs;\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">300–500 g of vegetables and 200–350 g of fruit;\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">one egg a day and fish or other aquatic products at least twice a week.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002F4914eec514904d6fb01a7ea6adf132be.webp\" alt=\"img_02.webp\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">For vitamin D, the simplest, most effective and safest method costs nothing: sunlight. In regions or seasons where sun exposure is scarce, food sources can cover the difference.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The safest vitamin plan is not a bigger bottle. It is a plate — and, for the few who truly run short, a targeted supplement chosen with a doctor.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Curious what a day of careful nutrition actually looks like under the microscope? WWAI lets you explore the biological specimens behind everyday health — including a \u003Cstrong>fibrous connective tissue specimen\u003C\u002Fstrong> where collagen fibers, elastic fibers and fibroblasts are clearly visible. Search \"WWAI\" in your app store and download it today.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"dp-template-card\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);margin:10px 0;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%;\">\n \u003Ca style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyun-hub.chat\u002Flink\u002F?app=wwai&clickid=stellarx&dplink=specimenid%3D1147\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;\" src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20260824\u002F5ba5dd3c38404fe785f43c44423830de.png\" alt=\"5ba5dd3c38404fe785f43c44423830de\">\n  \u003Cbutton style=\"align-items:center;background-color:#1f983e;border-radius:0 0 25px 25px;border-style:none;color:#ffffff;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:19px;height:40px;justify-content:center;padding:0;width:100%;\">EXPLORE NOW\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#111;margin:28px 0 8px;\">\u003Cstrong>Related reading\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fscurvy-vitamin-c-gene\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.banyunjuhe.com\u002Fattachment\u002F20260927\u002Fc4703000f9e94894824dac4e98e1fa51.webp\" alt=\"Why Big Cats Never Get Scurvy but Sailors Did\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fscurvy-vitamin-c-gene\">\u003Cstrong>Why Big Cats Never Get Scurvy but Sailors Did\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fwhich-nuts-healthiest-gxwp\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Faka.doubaocdn.com\u002Fs\u002F0j9QSj7yci\" alt=\"Which Nuts Are Healthiest? How to Choose Good Ones\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fwhich-nuts-healthiest-gxwp\">\u003Cstrong>Which Nuts Are Healthiest? How to Choose Good Ones\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fvitamin-d-cancer-solaris-mvqt\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Faka.doubaocdn.com\u002Fs\u002FGccUqewD3i\" alt=\"Vitamin D3 and Cancer: The SOLARIS Trial Verdict\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fvitamin-d-cancer-solaris-mvqt\">\u003Cstrong>Vitamin D3 and Cancer: The SOLARIS Trial Verdict\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>References\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">NIH News Release. Healthy adults taking multivitamins daily not associated with lower risk of death. JAMA Intern Med 2024 (390,000 participants).\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review. JAMA 2022.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH). Multivitamin\u002Fmineral Supplements — Health Professional Fact Sheet.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Multivitamins in Adult Medical Practice: Evidence, Risks, and Pragmatic Prescribing. 2026.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The Safety of Commonly Used Vitamins and Minerals. 2021.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Multivitamins: Use or Misuse? 2016.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">MSD Manual. Multivitamins and Megavitamins.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">COSMOS \u002F COSMOS-Mind Trials (NIH-supported, >21,000 participants).\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Chinese Dietary Guidelines 2022.\u003C\u002Fp>","","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002F3f0d43286f9f49a5a2985ea273f8df91.webp","Daily multivitamins won't extend life or prevent heart disease in healthy adults — megadose vitamins A, D or E can harm the liver and kidneys. Who needs one?","2026-10-14 22:06:05","Science Guide Wwai",77,0,false,{"id":19,"slug":20,"title":21,"lang":22},12980,"daily-vitamin-overdose-warning-wvqn","複合維生素：長期補充反而增加風險？","zh",{"prev":24,"next":28},{"id":25,"slug":26,"title":27,"categoryId":15},12982,"dialysis-detox-kidney-harm-hqkp","Dialysis: Why a \"Detox Session\" Makes Kidneys Worse",{"id":29,"slug":30,"title":31,"categoryId":15},12959,"polyacrylamide-hydrogel-breast-risk-xqzt","Polyacrylamide Hydrogel: A Banned Filler That Never Leaves",[33,38,43,48],{"id":34,"slug":35,"title":36,"thumbnail":37,"categoryId":15},12994,"eye-stroke-retinal-artery-xkrt","Eye Stroke: The 90-Minute Window That Saves Sight","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002Fc26e936f83314fb2b224ad0b2087f5c3.webp",{"id":39,"slug":40,"title":41,"thumbnail":42,"categoryId":15},12992,"plant-bristle-eye-barb-xnwp","Plant Bristles in Your Eye: Why Rubbing Makes It Worse","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002F9cecd1f291be4015bd3d4ba7afe95a3a.webp",{"id":44,"slug":45,"title":46,"thumbnail":47,"categoryId":15},12990,"blue-inhaler-saba-guidelines-gkoj","Blue Inhaler: Why SABA Is No Longer Recommended for Asthma","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002Feea67a2a10fa423f993ad0756e6b7817.webp",{"id":49,"slug":50,"title":51,"thumbnail":52,"categoryId":15},12988,"dinoflagellate-genome-largest-kyrn","Why Dinoflagellates Carry the Largest Genomes","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261014\u002F29242981d32345d09bc6d27b1c7e1030.webp"]