[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"article-detail":3},{"lang":4,"article":5,"alternate":19,"related":20,"latest":29},"en",{"id":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"content":9,"summary":10,"thumbnail":11,"metaDescription":12,"metaKeywords":13,"created":14,"modified":14,"author":15,"authorEn":15,"categoryId":16,"commentCount":17,"thumbnailToContent":18},12726,"gut-microbiome-second-brain-vote-wqzh","Your Gut Is a Second Brain. It Also Votes on What You Eat","\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">At ten at night, you open the food-delivery app again.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">You're not hungry. You just crave something heavy and greasy. The next morning, on the scale, you sigh and blame yourself for the ten-thousandth time: why can't I control my mouth?\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Stop blaming yourself. That craving, the fat that won't leave your waist, the unexplained gloom on a Monday — a large part of it was probably not decided by \"you\" alone. The tens of trillions of bacteria in your gut voted too.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Obesity and appetite are the joint result of genetics, psychology, environment, society, and microbiota — and the microbiome is one long-ignored but genuinely important variable. This isn't an excuse to blame everything on bacteria. It's a chance to see the invisible variable clearly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That's why biologists call the gut the body's \"second brain.\" You think you're one person. You're actually an ecosystem.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>First, the Numbers: You're a Walking Petri Dish\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Forget \"drink some yogurt for probiotics.\" The scale of this is bigger than that.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A typical adult carries about \u003Cstrong>38 trillion microbes\u003C\u002Fstrong>, against about \u003Cstrong>30 trillion of your own human cells\u003C\u002Fstrong> — a ratio of roughly 1.3:1. The popular claim that \"bacteria outnumber your cells ten to one\" was a guess from the 1970s; Sender and colleagues recalculated it in 2016 in \u003Ci>PLOS Biology\u003C\u002Fi> and overturned it. And the microbes themselves weigh only about \u003Cstrong>0.2 kg\u003C\u002Fstrong> — not the one or two kilos quoted online, which usually lumps in food residue and feces.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The numbers only set the scene. Here's the hardware:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">About \u003Cstrong>200–600 million neurons\u003C\u002Fstrong> are embedded in your gut wall — a genuine independent nervous system, the \u003Cstrong>enteric nervous system (ENS)\u003C\u002Fstrong>, nicknamed the \"second brain.\" Its neuron count is on the same order as the spinal cord, sometimes higher.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The \u003Cstrong>vagus nerve\u003C\u002Fstrong> connects it to your head, and about \u003Cstrong>80% of its fibers run one way: from gut to brain\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">About \u003Cstrong>90% of your body's serotonin is made in the gut.\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">One widespread misreading needs correcting: blood serotonin can't cross the blood-brain barrier. Your brain makes its own serotonin in its own neurons — the gut doesn't ship it up. The gut influences the brain through the vagus nerve, microbial metabolites, and tryptophan metabolism. It's a powerful route — it just isn't a \"serotonin delivery service.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002F2b3195bed0024abba366eede2e195190.webp\" alt=\"img_01.webp\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>No Single Bacterium Knows Anything. Together They \"Vote Out\" a You\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A single bacterium knows nothing. It has no mood, no appetite, and no idea your boss yelled at you today.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">But when tens of trillions of bacteria ferment, metabolize, and swap signal molecules along the gut wall, the community develops properties no single bacterium has. This has a name: \u003Cstrong>emergence\u003C\u002Fstrong>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Here's an analogy you can see. Why doesn't your heart beat randomly? The ten thousand pacemaker cells in the sinoatrial node — none of them is the \"conductor.\" But they fire and tug on each other, and integrate into one steady rhythm.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The gut microbiome works the same way. No single bacterium is \"managing your mood,\" but the community's metabolite profile sends signals to the brain.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The properties aren't in the parts. They're in the relationships.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That's physicist Philip Anderson's famous \"\u003Cstrong>More is different\u003C\u002Fstrong>\": once things pile up past a certain number, new properties emerge that you could never see by taking them apart.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002Fdbd5dc881c6b409d8c2b47b5ba86f5e1.webp\" alt=\"img_02.webp\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>The Germ-Free Mouse That Got Fat\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">This isn't mysticism — there are controlled experiments, and they're elegant.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Raise a mouse in a completely sterile bubble (a \"germ-free mouse\"). It eats the same chow, actually eats more and moves less — yet it stays leaner than normal mice and resists being fattened on high-sugar feed.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Then transplant the cecal microbiota of a normal mouse into it — no gene change, no diet change — and within two weeks, its body fat jumps by roughly \u003Cstrong>60%\u003C\u002Fstrong>. [Evidence: animal study]\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Even more direct: transplant the microbiota of an obese person (or mouse) and a lean one into separate germ-free mice. The group receiving \"obese microbiota\" gains body fat; the \"lean microbiota\" group stays slim — even when both consume identical calories. [Evidence: animal study]\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Same chow, same stomach, same genome. The only variable is who lives in the gut.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">So being overweight isn't entirely \"you can't control your mouth\" — a big part is who's managing your energy. The microbiota works mainly through three routes:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Extracting more calories.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Firmicutes bacteria are good at fermenting dietary fiber and resistant starch into short-chain fatty acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate) — molecules that already supply adults about 80–200 kcal\u002Fday. People with a \"high-efficiency\" microbiome can extract an extra hundred-plus kcal a day; one human crossover trial found a roughly 20% rise in Firmicutes abundance corresponded to about \u003Cstrong>150 extra kcal\u002Fday\u003C\u002Fstrong>, some 5–10% of daily intake.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Sending signals that make you eat.\u003C\u002Fstrong> The gut is an endocrine organ; microbial metabolites tell the brain \"more\" or \"enough.\" When the microbiome is disrupted, satiety signals distort — the brain receives exaggerated hunger and an unrelenting craving for sugar and fat.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Fueling chronic inflammation.\u003C\u002Fstrong> With more bad bacteria and a leakier gut wall, bacterial fragments (like endotoxin\u002FLPS) slip into the blood, driving low-grade systemic inflammation — the breeding ground for insulin resistance and belly fat.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">If you \"gain weight even drinking water,\" don't blame weak willpower first. The ecosystem in your gut may be a calorie-harvesting, always-hungry host.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>The \"Fat-Burning\" Shot That's Actually Reshaping Your Microbiome\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">About the wildly popular GLP-1 drugs — semaglutide (Ozempic, Wegovy, and the like). Many people think of them as \"fat-burning injections.\" That's wrong.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">GLP-1 is a hormone your own gut L-cells already make. It does three things: boosts insulin, suppresses glucagon, and slows gastric emptying — so you feel \"full\" after eating and hungry later. Semaglutide just stabilizes that hormone into a once-a-week shot. Its main battlefield is the satiety circuits in the brain and gut; the fat it directly burns is nowhere near what people imagine.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">What's genuinely interesting: after these drugs, the gut microbiome is visibly reshaped. \u003Cstrong>Akkermansia muciniphila\u003C\u002Fstrong> — the \"good bug\" positively associated with leanness and gut-wall health — rises noticeably (reports in animal studies even reach dozens to hundreds of times), while pro-inflammatory strains fall.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">In other words, the shot makes you eat less \u003Ci>and\u003C\u002Fi> rearranges the ecosystem in your gut. (Strong evidence here is mostly animal-based so far; human data is still accumulating.)\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Then came two real studies in 2026. Both are verifiable — not made up.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A Swedish nationwide cohort in \u003Ci>The Lancet Psychiatry\u003C\u002Fi>, nearly 100,000 people, all with existing depression or anxiety. During treatment, semaglutide was associated with lower risk of worsening psychiatric illness — depression worsening \u003Cstrong>~44% lower\u003C\u002Fstrong>, anxiety \u003Cstrong>~38% lower\u003C\u002Fstrong>, substance abuse \u003Cstrong>~47% lower\u003C\u002Fstrong>. [Evidence: human observational study, not RCT] Note the wording: this is \"people already unwell were less likely to worsen,\" not \"healthy people injected once and never got depressed.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">A mechanistic study of liraglutide: its antidepressant effect did \u003Cstrong>not\u003C\u002Fstrong> depend on the classic GLP-1 receptor — blocking the receptor, even knocking out the receptor gene, didn't stop the effect. But wipe out the gut microbiota and the effect vanished. [Evidence: animal study + mechanistic hypothesis] Multi-omics found the drug raised \u003Ci>Lactobacillus delbrueckii\u003C\u002Fi> in the gut; that bacterium supplies diacylglycerol, which the body converts into the endocannabinoid 2-AG, damping overexcitation in stress regions like the amygdala and hypothalamus.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">See the picture? The \"weight-loss shot\" may influence mood through the microbiome, via the gut → vagus → brain route — not by dosing the brain directly. Change the bacteria in your gut, and the brain can change its mood.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Depression Can Travel With the Bacteria\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The most counterintuitive part: mood is never purely a \"brain problem.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">When the hundreds of millions of neurons in the gut wall meet endotoxin from bad bacteria, short-chain fatty acid imbalance, or a long-term inflammatory environment fed by high-fat high-sugar diets, they send \"negative telegrams\" to the brain through the vagus nerve.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">The most striking experiments are \"transfer\" studies: transplant the fecal microbiota of depressed patients (or chronically stressed animals) into germ-free rodents — or rodents whose microbiota was wiped out by antibiotics — and the recipients develop anhedonia and anxiety-like behavior, with microglial activation and inflammation in the brain. [Evidence: animal study]\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">In that sense, depression can be \u003Ci>transferred along with the microbiota\u003C\u002Fi>. The 2016 Kelly et al. paper is literally titled \u003Cstrong>\"Transferring the blues.\"\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">It also explains two everyday phenomena:\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why stress makes you run to the bathroom or kills your appetite:\u003C\u002Fstrong> the vagus nerve carries signals both ways; when the brain tenses, the gut cramps — the same system responding at both ends.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cstrong>Why people gain weight after antibiotics:\u003C\u002Fstrong> antibiotics bomb the gut flora indiscriminately, bulldozing an ecosystem you've run for decades. Epidemiology does find that childhood antibiotic exposure (especially before age two, repeated, broad-spectrum) is associated with later higher body weight, with repeated exposure more pronounced. [Evidence: human observational study]\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">To be precise: the effect size in large studies is modest (some ORs around 1.05), it's an observational association, causation isn't fully settled, and negative studies exist. The \"post-antibiotic low mood\" evidence is mostly mechanistic and animal-based. This is not \"never take antibiotics\" — when they save lives, take them. But know that it isn't \"killing a few germs.\" It's a carpet bombing of your second brain.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Cimg src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002F5874190118de4a91886115e7a13ee46b.webp\" alt=\"img_03.webp\">\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>The Red-and-Black List\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Here's the practical part. One table, two columns: what to eat more of, and what to limit.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure class=\"table\">\n \u003Ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;color:#333;font-size:14px;margin:18px 0;max-width:640px;width:100%;\">\n  \u003Ctbody>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;text-align:left;\">Eat more (fuel for good bacteria)\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;text-align:left;\">Limit or avoid (feeds the wrong bugs)\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Legumes and whole grains: beans, chickpeas, lentils, mixed-grain rice, oats, brown rice, quinoa\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Sugary drinks, bubble tea, juice drinks, candy, desserts\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Onion, garlic, leek, asparagus, Jerusalem artichoke (natural prebiotics)\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Fried food, fatty meat, artificial trans fats\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Leafy greens, broccoli, cabbage and other cruciferous vegetables\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Sausages, bacon, ham and other processed meat; excess red meat\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Seaweed, kelp, mushrooms, konjac\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">White rice and white flour at every meal; refined pastries as staples\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Apples (with skin), berries, bananas\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Heavily salted pickles; heavy-oil, heavy-salt takeout\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Unsweetened yogurt, kefir, natto, genuinely fermented low-salt pickles and sauerkraut\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Drinking \"sugar-free\" drinks like water (some artificial sweeteners also disturb the microbiome)\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n   \u003Ctr>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Plain nuts, extra-virgin olive oil, green tea, high-cocoa dark chocolate\u003C\u002Fth>\n    \u003Cth style=\"border:1px solid #ddd;padding:9px 10px;\">Binge eating; eating until stuffed at every meal\u003C\u002Fth>\n   \u003C\u002Ftr>\n  \u003C\u002Ftbody>\n \u003C\u002Ftable>\n\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#666;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 18px;\">The list is a direction, not a decree: individual responses vary widely, and the overall dietary pattern matters more than any single \"miracle food.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">And a few honest notes: good bacteria love \u003Cstrong>diverse grains and vegetables\u003C\u002Fstrong>, not one viral probiotic product — whether live bacteria survive stomach acid and colonize varies enormously between individuals. Fermented foods (unsweetened yogurt, natto, pickles) can be eaten regularly, but pickles and sauerkraut should be low-salt and genuinely fermented, not vinegar-spiked imitations. Antibiotics should still be taken when needed, but for a week or two after the course, deliberately eat more high-fiber and fermented foods to help the ecosystem \"regreen.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>Five Habits That Beat \"What to Eat\"\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">1. \u003Cstrong>Eat 30 plant foods a week.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Grains, beans, vegetables, fruit, nuts — even scallions, ginger, and garlic count. A US \"American Gut Project\" involving over ten thousand people found that people eating 30+ plants a week had measurably higher microbiome diversity — and diversity is your gut's \"resilience.\"\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">2. \u003Cstrong>Move regularly.\u003C\u002Fstrong> About 150 minutes a week of brisk walking, jogging, or swimming, plus two or three strength sessions. Studies of athletes find exercise itself boosts diversity and grows more butyrate-producing good bacteria.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">3. \u003Cstrong>Sleep enough; don't stay up.\u003C\u002Fstrong> The gut microbiome has its own circadian rhythm. Chronic late nights, shift work, and short sleep drag its biological clock out of sync, disturbing metabolism and appetite.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">4. \u003Cstrong>Eat at regular times; give the gut a break.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Try not to eat within two hours of bed. Chew slowly and eat relaxed — eating while tense is the fastest route to indigestion. \"Time-restricted eating\" and fasting aren't for everyone: people with stomach disease, diabetes, pregnant women, and the frail shouldn't follow trends blindly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">5. \u003Cstrong>Manage stress — soothe the vagus nerve on purpose.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Deep breathing, meditation, a brisk walk, sunlight, chatting with friends, petting a cat — when you relax, the second brain stops throwing tantrums.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">You don't have to do it all at once. One extra spoon of beans today, one less bubble tea, going to bed half an hour earlier — that's a vote for the good bacteria in your gut.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch2 style=\"color:#111;font-size:21px;line-height:1.4;margin:28px 0 12px;\">\u003Cstrong>You're Not a Skin Bag\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">This case needed no high-tech tools — just a few papers and one way of thinking: emergence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">No single bacterium has a personality. But the microbiome as a system produces appetite, mood, and metabolic leanings that are genuinely new properties. The person hesitating outside the hotpot restaurant, the one sad on Monday morning, the one sighing on the scale — that's \"you\" plus tens of trillions of passengers making a collective decision.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">That's not an insult. It's the opposite.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">You were never an isolated skin bag. You're an exquisitely tuned ecosystem: human cells as the scaffolding, microbes doing the metabolism, gut neurons as the wiring, the vagus nerve as the network cable, the brain as the terminal.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">And the \"I\" — the top-level user interface — is simply what this whole system emerges into.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">Curious what gut bacteria actually look like under a microscope? \u003Cstrong>WWAI\u003C\u002Fstrong> is an AI-powered biology encyclopedia with an online microscope, including an \u003Cstrong>E. coli specimen where Gram-negative short rods are clearly visible\u003C\u002Fstrong> under Gram staining. Search \"WWAI\" in your app store and download it today.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cdiv class=\"dp-template-card\" style=\"border-radius:8px;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);margin:10px 0;max-width:100%;overflow:hidden;width:100%;\">\n \u003Ca style=\"display:block;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fyun-hub.chat\u002Flink\u002F?app=wwai&clickid=stellarx&dplink=specimenid%3D1046\" target=\"_blank\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"display:block;height:auto;max-width:100%;width:100%;\" src=\"\u002Fattachment\u002F20260824\u002F5ba5dd3c38404fe785f43c44423830de.png\" alt=\"5ba5dd3c38404fe785f43c44423830de\">\n  \u003Cbutton style=\"align-items:center;background-color:#1f983e;border-radius:0 0 25px 25px;border-style:none;color:#ffffff;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:19px;height:40px;justify-content:center;padding:0;width:100%;\">EXPLORE NOW\u003C\u002Fbutton>\u003C\u002Fa>\n\u003C\u002Fdiv>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#111;margin:28px 0 8px;\">\u003Cstrong>Related reading\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fibs-gut-brain-axis-leaving-home-tqzb\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.banyunjuhe.com\u002Fattachment\u002F20261003\u002F93217d945a5d44ffa7ee70454ab5f758.webp\" alt=\"Why You Poop When Leaving Home: Gut-Brain Axis\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fibs-gut-brain-axis-leaving-home-tqzb\">\u003Cstrong>Why You Poop When Leaving Home: Gut-Brain Axis\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fafternoon-slump-second-wind\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.banyunjuhe.com\u002Fattachment\u002F20260929\u002F2073711f32524a08a70b404490e7b2f3.webp\" alt=\"Why You're Sleepy at 3 PM but Wide Awake at 7 PM\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Fafternoon-slump-second-wind\">\u003Cstrong>Why You're Sleepy at 3 PM but Wide Awake at 7 PM\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 20px;\">\u003Ca style=\"color:#111;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Flobe-finned-fish-human-evolution\">\u003Cimg class=\"image_resized\" style=\"border-radius:8px;display:block;height:auto;margin-bottom:6px;max-width:520px;width:100%;\" src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fcdn.banyunjuhe.com\u002Fattachment\u002F20260929\u002F439279ee01a442458b5244cab45d59f9.webp\" alt=\"Humans Are Lobe-Finned Fish: The Evolution Proof\">\u003C\u002Fa>\u003Cbr>\u003Ca style=\"color:#0b6cb0;text-decoration:none;\" href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstellarx.tech\u002Farticle\u002Flobe-finned-fish-human-evolution\">\u003Cstrong>Humans Are Lobe-Finned Fish: The Evolution Proof\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003C\u002Fa>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 10px;\">\u003Ci>References:\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[1] Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R. Revised Estimates for the Number of Human and Bacteria Cells in the Body. PLOS Biology, 2016. https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F27541692\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[2] Bäckhed F, et al. 2004; Turnbaugh PJ, et al. 2006 — germ-free mouse and microbiota transplant studies (Gordon lab). https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fbooks\u002FNBK565809\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[3] Swedish nationwide cohort on GLP-1 and psychiatric outcomes. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2026. https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F41862258\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[4] Microbiota-driven gut-brain signaling underlies antidepressant effects of a GLP-1 analog (liraglutide, Lactobacillus delbrueckii, 2-AG). 2026. https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F42269582\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[5] Kelly JR, et al. Transferring the blues. 2016. https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F27491067\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[6] GLP-1 drugs and Akkermansia and other microbiome changes (systematic review). https:\u002F\u002Fwww.febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\u002Fdoi\u002F10.1111\u002Ffebs.70656\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"color:#8a8a8a;font-size:13px;margin:0 0 6px;\">\u003Ci>[7] Childhood antibiotic exposure and obesity (PCORnet Antibiotics Study, OR ≈ 1.05). https:\u002F\u002Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Fbooks\u002FNBK604850\u002F\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp style=\"margin:0 0 18px;\">\u003Ci>All illustrations in the article are either source illustrations (watermark removed) or AI-generated.\u003C\u002Fi>\u003C\u002Fp>","","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002Fc2c06d8c6bb748e8a9e643229f0ed8b1.webp","Roughly 38 trillion microbes live in your gut — about one per human cell — shaping appetite, mood, and weight. Here's the science and how to feed them.","stellarx, wwai, gut microbiome, gut-brain axis, second brain, gut bacteria, serotonin, fiber","2026-10-05 12:25:40","Science Guide Wwai",77,0,false,null,{"prev":21,"next":25},{"id":22,"slug":23,"title":24,"categoryId":16},12727,"testicular-torsion-six-hour-clock-fpqa","Testicular Torsion: The Six-Hour Clock Ticks at Home",{"id":26,"slug":27,"title":28,"categoryId":16},12725,"prostate-calcification-ultrasound-blip-ndcq","Prostate Calcification: What the Blip Really Means",[30,35,37,38],{"id":31,"slug":32,"title":33,"thumbnail":34,"categoryId":16},12728,"kidney-waste-filter-rmgb","Your Kidneys Are a Selective Filter You Can Ruin","\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002Fad930eb5f17e46e29d7d8de1253e3dda.webp",{"id":22,"slug":23,"title":24,"thumbnail":36,"categoryId":16},"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002F9980ab829f3d46cca1a6dcae950c7245.webp",{"id":6,"slug":7,"title":8,"thumbnail":11,"categoryId":16},{"id":26,"slug":27,"title":28,"thumbnail":39,"categoryId":16},"\u002Fattachment\u002F20261005\u002F410e1903e12e435fbc444fc0cbf15829.webp"]